Discover the most cancers early
Cancer (malignant neoplasm: medical terminology) is a class of diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled growth "" (Division beyond the boundaries of everyday), "the invasion" (intrusion and damage to the surrounding tissue), and sometimes metastasis (spread to locations more ditubuh via lymph or blood). These three malignant properties of cancers differentiate them from benign tumors, which are self limited, and did not invade or metastasize.
Most cancers form a tumor, but some, like leukemia, do not. The branch of medicine concerned with the study, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer is Oncology. Cancer can affect people at any age, even a fetus, but the risk for most varieties increases with age. Cancer causes about 13% of all human deaths. According to the American cancer Society, 7.6 million people died of cancer in the world during the year 2007. Cancer can affect all animals. Nearly all cancers are caused by abnormalities in the genetic material of the transformed cells.
These abnormalities may be due to the effects of carcinogens, such as tobacco smoke, radiation, chemicals, or infectious agents. Cancer-promoting genetic abnormalities other randomly can be acquired through errors in DNA replication, or are inherited, and thus present with in all cells from birth. Heritabilitas cancer is usually influenced by complex interactions between carcinogens and the host's genome. New aspects of the genetics of cancer pathogenesis, such as DNA methylation, and microRNAs are increasingly recognized as important.
Genetic abnormalities found in cancer usually affects the two classes of common Cancer genes. promoting oncogenes are typically activated in cancer cells, giving the cells new properties, such as hyperactive growth and Division, protection programmed cell death, against a loss of respect for ordinary network boundaries, and the ability to become established in diverse tissue environments. "Tumor suppressor Gene" then not active in cancer cells, resulting in loss of function of ordinary cells, such as accurate DNA replication, control over the cell cycle, orientation and adhesion within tissues, and interaction with protective cells of the immune system.
The prognosis usually requires examination of the histological specimens of tissue biopsy by a pathologist, although initial indication of malignancy can be symptoms or radiography Imaging abnormalities. Most cancers can be treated and some cured, depending on the specific type, location, and stage. Once diagnosed, the cancer is usually treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As the research progressed, care to be more specific for different varieties of cancer.
There has been significant progress wrote in drug development-targeted therapies that works specifically on molecular abnormalities detected on certain tumors, and minimize the damage to the cells of the antecedent ordinary. the prognosis of cancer patients most affected by the type of cancer, as well as the stage, or extent of the disease. In addition, histologic grading and the presence of specific molecular markers can also be useful in establishing a diagnosis, as well as in determining individual treatments.
